* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

body {
  background: #fff;
  color: #333;
  font-family: 'Roboto', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  color: #0f3897;
  font-family: 'Merriweather', serif;
}

header {
  background: #fff;
  position: relative;
  text-align: center;
}

header::after {
  background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 1), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 40%);
  bottom: 0;
  content: '';
  left: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: 0;
}

.header-top {
  align-items: center;
  background: none;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 1rem;
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 3;
}

.logo {
  display: block;
  width: 230px;
}

#logo {
  display: block;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 230px;
  transition: all .2s;
}

#logo:hover {
  opacity: .7;
}

#main-nav ul {
  background: #ccc;
  left: 0;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  max-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 0;
  position: absolute;
  transition: max-height 0.3s ease-in-out;
  width: 100%;
  z-index: 3;
}

#main-nav ul.active {
  display: block;
  max-height: 500px;
}

#main-nav ul li {
  border-bottom:#000 1px solid;
}

#main-nav ul li a {
  color: #333;
  display: block;
  padding: 15px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: all .3s;
}

#main-nav ul li a:hover,
#main-nav ul li.current-menu-item a {
  background: #9b3e3e;
  color: #fff;
}

#menu-toggle {
  background: #0f3897;
  border: none;
  color: #fff;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 2rem;
  padding: 0 10px 6px;
  position: relative;
  transition: all .2s;
}

#menu-toggle:hover {
  opacity: .8;
}

/* Banner Styles */
.page-banner {
  background: url('../images/bg10.png') no-repeat center / cover;
  padding: 110px 10px 55px;
  position: relative;
  text-align: center;
  text-shadow: 3px 2px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);
}

.page-banner.home {
  padding: 150px 10px 85px;
}

.page-banner.research-banner {
  background-image: url('../images/img2.png');
}


.page-banner.publications-banner {
  background-image: url('../images/img5.png');
}


.page-banner.conferences-banner {
  background-image: url('../images/bg11.png');
}


.page-banner.teaching-banner {
  background-image: url('../images/bg13.png');
}

.page-banner:after {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  bottom: 0;
  content: '';
  display: block;
  left: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 0;
}
.page-banner.home:after {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}
.page-title,
.page-subtitle {
  position: relative;
  color: #fff;
  z-index: 1;

  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: all 1s ease;

}

.animate-in {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.fade-in-left,
.fade-in-right {
  opacity: 0;
  transition: all 0.8s ease;
}

.fade-in-left {
  transform: translateX(-50px);
}

.fade-in-right {
  transform: translateX(50px);
}

.page-title {
  font-size: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.page-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  color: #fff;
}

.animate-in {
  opacity: 1 !important;
  transform: translateY(0)  !important;
}

main {
  overflow: hidden;
}

main section {
  padding: 1rem;
}

#about {
  background-color: #f9f9f9;
  padding: 50px 20px;
}

.about-container {
  align-items: center;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.about-profile {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  text-align: center;
}

.profile-pic {
  border-radius: 50%;
  height: 220px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  width: 220px;
}

.about-profile h2 {
  font-size: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.about-profile p {
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.social-links {
  padding: 10px 0 20px;
}

.profile-social {
  display: inline-flex;
  justify-content: center;
  list-style-type: none;
  padding-left: 0;
}

.profile-social li {
  padding: 5px;
  transition: all .2s;
}

.profile-social li:first-of-type {
  padding-left: 0;
}

.profile-social li:hover {
  opacity: .7;
}

.profile-social li a {
  display: block;
  width: 30px;
}

.profile-social li a img {
  border: 0;
  display: block;
  height: auto;
  width: 100%;
}

.about-details {
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  padding: 15px;
}

.intro-paragraph {
  font-size: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  text-align: justify;
}

.about-details a {
  color: #0f3897;
}

.cv-link {
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 20px;
  font-size: 18px;
}

.cv-link a {
  border: 2px solid #0f3897;
  border-radius: 4px;
  color: #0f3897;
  display: block;
  font-weight: bold;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 10px 15px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.3s, color 0.3s;
  width: 150px;
}

.cv-link a:hover {
  background-color: #0055a5;
  border-color: #0055a5;
  color: white;
}

/* Work and Education History Containers */
.work-history,
.education-history {
  background-color: #fff; /* Light grey background */
  border-left: 4px solid #0056b3; /* Navy color for the left border */
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  padding: 15px 20px 10px;
  text-align: left;
}

/* Headings Styles */
.work-history h3,
.education-history h3 {
  color: #002855; /* Dark navy color for the heading */
  font-size: 1.25em;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

/* Paragraph Styles */
.work-history p,
.education-history p {
  color: #333; /* Dark grey color for text */
  font-size: 1em;
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

/* Span Styles for Dates */
.work-history span,
.education-history span {
  color: #800000; /* Maroon color for the dates */
  display: block;
  font-weight: bold;
  margin-right: 10px;
  width: 150px;
}
#research-areas {
  background: url('../images/patterns/pattern18.jpg') fixed;
  padding: 40px 20px;
  position: relative;
  text-align: center;
}

#research-areas:after {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  bottom: 0;
  content: '';
  display: block;
  left: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 0;
}

.research-areas-container {
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 900px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

#research-areas h2 {
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 50px;
}

.research-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.research-list li {
  align-items: flex-end;
  color: #fff;
  display: flex;
  font-size: 18px;
  height: 280px;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 0 auto 55px;
  padding: 8px 0;
  position: relative;

  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: all 0.8s ease;

}

.research-list li::before {
  background-position: center;
  background-size: cover;
  border: #fff solid 1px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  content: '';
  height: 200px;
  left: 0;
  margin: 0 auto;
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 200px;
  z-index: -1;
}

.research-list li:nth-child(1)::before {
  background-image: url('../images/design3.png');
}

.research-list li:nth-child(2)::before {
  background-image: url('../images/optimization3.png');
}

.research-list li:nth-child(3)::before {
  background-image: url('../images/complex3.png');
}

.learn-more-btn {
  background-color: #0f3897;
  border-radius: 4px;
  display: inline-block;
  color: #fff;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.3s;
}

.learn-more-btn:hover {
  background-color: #0055a5;
}

#featured-publications {
  padding: 50px 20px;
  background-color: #fff;
}

.publications-container {
  background: #f1f1f1;
  border-radius: 4px;
  box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px rgba(0, 0, 0,.3);
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 800px;
  padding: 30px 25px;
  text-align: center;

  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateX(-50px);
  transition: all 0.8s ease;

}

#featured-publications h2 {
  color: #2A2A2A;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.publications-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  padding: 0;
}

.publications-list li {
  padding-bottom: 15px;
}

.publication-title {
  color: #333;
  font-weight: bold;
}

.publication-authors {
  color: #666;
  font-style: italic;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.view-all-btn {
  background-color: #0f3897;
  border-radius: 4px;
  color: #fff;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.3s;
}

.view-all-btn:hover {
  background-color: #0055a5;
}

#awards-honors {
  background: url('../images/bg9.png') no-repeat fixed center / cover;
  padding: 20px 15px 40px;
  position: relative;
  text-align: center;
}

#awards-honors:after {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
  bottom: 0;
  content: '';
  display: block;
  left: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 0;
}

.awards-honors-container {
  margin: auto;
  max-width: 800px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

#awards-honors h2 {
  color: #f9f9f9;
  font-size: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.awards-list {
  background: #f9f9f9;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  list-style: none;
  margin: 20px 0;
  padding: 15px;
  text-align: left;

  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateX(50px);
  transition: all 0.8s ease;
}

.awards-list li {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.5;
  margin: 10px 0;
  padding-left: 15px;
  position: relative;
}

.awards-list li::before {
  content: '•';
  color: #0056b3;
  font-size: 20px;
  left: 0;
  position: absolute;
  top: 11px;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}

.contact-form-container {
  background-color: #f2f2f2;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  padding: 20px;
  width: 100%;
}

#contact-form h3 {
  color: #333;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

#contact-form {
  margin: 20px auto 0;
  max-width: 500px;
  padding: 20px;
  width: 100%;
}

.form-group {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.form-group label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.form-group input[type="text"],
.form-group input[type="tel"],
.form-group input[type="email"],
.form-group textarea {
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 10px;
  width: 100%;
}

.form-group button {
  background-color: #0056b3;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 4px;
  color: white;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}

.form-group button:hover {
  background-color: #003d82;
}

.scroll-to-form-btn {
  background-color: #0056b3;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 50%;
  bottom: 20px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  color: white;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 16px;
  padding: 15px;
  position: fixed;
  right: 20px;
  text-align: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
  z-index: 1000;
}

.scroll-to-form-btn:hover {
  background-color: #003d82;
}

footer {
  background-color: #333;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 14px;
  padding: 20px;
}

.footer-container {
  align-items: center;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  margin: auto;
  max-width: 1200px;
}

.footer-logo img {
  margin: 50px auto;
  width: 350px;
}

.footer-nav ul {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  text-align: center;
}

.footer-nav ul li {
  display: inline;
  margin-right: 10px;
}

.footer-nav ul li a {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.3s;
}

.footer-nav ul li a:hover {
  color: #ccc;
}

.footer-address {
  margin: 20px 0;
  text-align: center;
}

.footer-map {
  height: auto;
  margin-top: 10px;
  max-width: 100%;
}

#contact-form {
  margin: 20px  auto;
}

.footer-bottom p {
  margin: 10px 0;
  text-align: center;
}

.footer-bottom a {
  color: #fff;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color 0.3s;
}

.footer-bottom a:hover {
  color: #ccc;
}

/* Placeholder Section Styles */
#placeholder-section {
  background-color: #f0f0f0;
  padding: 20px;
  text-align: center;
}

.section-container {
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 800px;
}

#placeholder-section h2 {
  color: #333;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

#placeholder-section p {
  color: #666;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.read-more-btn {
  background-color: #0f3897;
  border-radius: 5px;
  color: #fff;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 10px 20px;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: background-color 0.3s;
}

.read-more-btn:hover {
  background-color: #0056b3;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .about-container {
    flex-direction: row;
    justify-content: space-around;
    margin: auto;
    max-width: 900px;
  }

  .about-profile, .about-details {
    flex: 1;
  }

  .about-profile {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .profile-pic {
    height: 300px;
    width: 300px;
  }

  .about-profile h2 {
    font-size: 28px;
  }

  .about-profile p, .intro-paragraph {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .about-details {
    margin-left: 20px;
    padding: 20px;
  }

  .work-history h3, .education-history h3 {
    font-size: 20px;
  }

  .research-list {
    display: flex;
  }

  .research-list li {
    font-size: 20px;
    height: 290px;
    padding: 10px;
  }

  .learn-more-btn {
    padding: 12px 25px;
  }

  .publications-container {
    text-align: left;
  }

  .view-all-btn {
    padding: 12px 25px;
  }


  #awards-honors {
    text-align: left;
    padding: 40px 40px 60px;
  }

  .awards-list li {
    font-size: 18px;
  }

  .awards-list li::before {
    top: 12px;
  }

  #contact-form h3 {
    font-size: 24px;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 960px) {
  .header-top {
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-width: 1500px;
    text-align: center;
  }

  #logo {
    display: block;
  }

  #main-nav ul, #main-nav ul.active {
    align-items: center;
    background: none;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    max-height: none;
    position: relative;
  }

  #menu-toggle {
    display: none;
  }

  /* CSS */
  #main-nav ul li {
    border-bottom: none;
    margin-right: 5px;
    position: relative;
    transition: opacity 300ms cubic-bezier(.694, 0, 0.335, 1),background-color 100ms cubic-bezier(.694, 0, 0.335, 1),color 100ms cubic-bezier(.694, 0, 0.335, 1);
    user-select: none;
    -webkit-user-select: none;
    touch-action: manipulation;
  }

  #main-nav ul li:before {
    animation: opacityFallbackOut .5s step-end forwards;
    backface-visibility: hidden;
    background-color: #9b3e3e;
    clip-path: polygon(-1% 0, 0 0, -25% 100%, -1% 100%);
    content: "";
    height: 100%;
    left: 0;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    transform: translateZ(0);
    transition: clip-path .5s cubic-bezier(.165, 0.84, 0.44, 1), -webkit-clip-path .5s cubic-bezier(.165, 0.84, 0.44, 1);
    width: 100%;
  }

  #main-nav ul li:hover:before {
    animation: opacityFallbackIn 0s step-start forwards;
    clip-path: polygon(0 0, 101% 0, 101% 101%, 0 101%);
  }

  #main-nav ul li:after {
    background-color: #fff;
  }

  #main-nav ul li a {
    color: #fff;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
  }

  #main-nav ul li a:hover {
    background: none;
  }

  #main-nav ul li.current-menu-item:hover {
    background: #9b3e3e;
  }

  #main-nav ul li.current-menu-item::before,
  #main-nav ul li.current-menu-item:hover:before,
  #main-nav ul li.current-menu-item::after,
  #main-nav ul li.current-menu-item:hover:after {
    animation: none;
    background: #9b3e3e;
    clip-path: none;
  }

  .page-banner {
    padding: 180px 20px 110px;
  }

  .page-banner.home {
    padding: 195px 20px 145px;
  }

  .page-title {
    font-size: 3rem;
  }

  .page-banner.home .page-title {
    font-size: 4rem;
  }

  .page-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
  }

  .page-banner.home .page-subtitle {
    font-size: 2rem;
  }


  .about-container {
    flex-direction: column;
  }

  .about-profile {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 40% auto;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto;
  }


  .profile-social-container {
    grid-row: 1 / 3;
  }

  .work-history,
  .education-history {
    padding: 15px 15px 5px;
  }

  .work-history {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 1;
  }

  .education-history {
    grid-column: 2;
    grid-row: 2;
  }

  .about-details {
    margin: 0 auto 20px;
  }

  main section {
    padding: 2rem;
  }

  #contact-form input[type="text"],
  #contact-form input[type="email"],
  #contact-form textarea,
  #contact-form input[type="submit"] {
    padding: 1rem;
  }

  footer {
    padding: 1rem 2rem;
  }
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .logo {
    width: 420px;
  }

  #logo {
    max-width: 420px;
  }
}